Quantity

Scalar Intervals

A specialization of #$NTupleOfIntervals. Each proper subcollection SCALAR of #$ScalarInterval (with some exceptions, such as #$ScalarPointValue) has the following two properties: 1) the collection of point instances of SCALAR (i.e., those instances of SCALAR that are _not_ proper intervals - see the collection #$ScalarPointValue) is ordered by some `natural' linear ordering (i.e., some `natural' relation that is reflexive, antisymmetric, and transitive on the collection of point instances of SCALAR), 2) SCALAR is closed under addition (#$PlusFn), so that the sum of any two instances of SCALAR will also be an instance of SCALAR. Notable specializations of #$ScalarInterval include #$Time-Quantity, #$Integer, and #$Distance.
guid: bd5880a7-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of: #$ObjectType #$AtemporalNecessarilyEssentialCollectionType
direct specialization of: #$NTupleOfIntervals  
direct generalization of: #$ScalarPointValue #$Dirtiness #$IntervalOnNumberLine #$JustificationStrength #$FeelingAttribute #$NegativeScalarInterval #$PhysicalQuantity #$Interval-UnboundedAbove #$PolitenessOfSpeech #$Interval-BoundedBelow #$Alertness #$Interval-UnboundedBelow #$FormalityOfSpeech #$Interval-BoundedAbove #$NonNegativeScalarInterval #$TemperamentAttribute #$OrderOfMagnitudeInterval #$MonetaryValue #$LevelOfDiscomfort #$CompositeScalarInterval #$NonPositiveScalarInterval

A specialization of #$ScalarInterval. Each instance of #$ScalarPointValue is a single quantity, as opposed to a range of quantities. Instances of #$ScalarPointValue include all instances of #$RealNumber (q.v.), as well as physical quantities such as (#$Meter 3) and (#$SecondsDuration 10).
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direct instance of: #$ObjectType #$AtemporalNecessarilyEssentialCollectionType
direct specialization of: #$Interval-Bounded  
direct generalization of: #$Cardinal-Mathematical #$RealNumber

If there are two arguments to a #$UnitOfMeasure function, as in (#$Meter 5 6), the first number is interpreted as the (inclusive) minimum, and the second number as the (inclusive) maximum. Thus, (#$Meter 5 6) means `between 5 and 6 meters long, inclusive'. If only one argument follows an instance of #$UnitOfMeasure, as in (#$Meter 3), it is interpreted as a shorthand for (#$Meter 3 3). In other words, (#$Meter 3 3) means `exactly 3 meters'. When a function belonging to #$UnitOfMeasure is applied to a single argument, the value it returns must be an instance of #$ScalarPointValue.
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direct instance of: #$SharedNote #$Individual

(#$maxQuantValue SCALAR POINT) means that the upper limit of the quantity SCALAR is POINT, an instance of #$ScalarPointValue. SCALAR is an instance of #$ScalarInterval. For example, the #$maxQuantValue for the pay of mail room employees might be (#$DollarsPerHour 6.5); e.g., (#$maxQuantValue `MailPay' (#$DollarsPerHour 6.5)). Another example: (#$maxQuantValue (#$Unity 5 10) 10).
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direct instance of: #$IntangibleObjectRelatingPredicate #$StrictlyFunctionalSlot #$NonPhysicalPartPredicate #$ReflexiveBinaryPredicate
direct specialization of: #$intervalBound

(#$minQuantValue SCALAR POINT) means that the lower limit of SCALAR is POINT, an element of #$ScalarPointValue. SCALAR is an instance of #$ScalarInterval. For example, the #$minQuantValue for the pay of mail room employees might be (#$DollarsPerHour 4.5); e.g., (#$minQuantValue `MailPay' (#$DollarsPerHour 4.5)). Another example: (#$minQuantValue (#$Unity 5 10) 5).
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direct instance of: #$IntangibleObjectRelatingPredicate #$StrictlyFunctionalSlot #$NonPhysicalPartPredicate #$ReflexiveBinaryPredicate
direct specialization of: #$intervalBound

A collection of collections. Each instance of #$MeasurableScalarIntervalType is a collection of #$ScalarIntervals which are quantifiable (i.e., they can be assigned a numeric value). Instances of #$MeasurableScalarIntervalType include #$RateOfRotation, #$ConcentrationPerVolume, and #$Time-Quantity.
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direct instance of: #$SecondOrderCollection #$AtemporalNecessarilyEssentialCollectionType
direct specialization of: #$TotallyOrderedScalarIntervalType  
direct generalization of: #$IntegerTypeByRange #$FundamentalNumericScalarIntervalType #$DerivedNumericScalarIntervalType

A specialization of #$PhysicalQuantity. Each instance of #$Time-Quantity is a physical quantity, corresponding to a certain amount of time , that can be possessed by #$TemporalThings. The #$Time-Quantity had by a given thing represents the total amount of time that the thing exists, occurs over, or endures; see #$duration. Consider a sentence of the form (#$duration TEMPTHING TIMEQUANT). If TEMPTHING is a #$SomethingExisting, the sentence means that TEMPTHING exists for a lifetime that is TIMEQUANT in duration. If TEMPTHING is an #$Event, the sentence means that TEMPTHING (fully) transpires over an interval of time that is TIMEQUANT in duration. If TEMPTHING is itself a #$TimeInterval (q.v.), the sentence means that TEMPTHING has a duration of TIMEQUANT. The standard unit of #$Time-Quantity in Cyc is #$SecondsDuration (q.v.); but there are other ways to specify an amount of time, e.g. with other instances of #$UnitOfMeasure (such as #$WeeksDuration and #$YearsDuration) or with instances of #$Time-Quantity (such as #$LongTime, #$Immediately, and #$AFewDecadesDuration).
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direct instance of: #$FundamentalNumericScalarIntervalType #$AtemporalNecessarilyEssentialCollectionType
direct specialization of: #$NonNegativeScalarInterval  #$PhysicalQuantity  

A specialization of #$PhysicalQuantity. Each instance of #$Distance is the length of a path in space extending from one point to another. In some contexts, for example in the argument 2 position of #$altitudeAboveSeaLevel, an instance of #$Distance will include directional information. In these contexts, instances can take on positive or negative values. In other contexts, directional information will not matter, and instances of #$Distance will only take on non-negative values. See the specialization #$Distance-Absolute for measures of distance that necessarily do not include directional information, and thus are always non-negative. An instance of #$Distance may be either a fixed interval, such as the height of the #$WashingtonMonumentInWashingtonDC or the altitude of the #$DeadSea, or a range, such as #$WithinAudibleDistance (see #$ScalarInterval for more explanation). See #$UnitOfDistance for the units used by Cyc to measure distances.
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direct instance of: #$FundamentalNumericScalarIntervalType #$AtemporalNecessarilyEssentialCollectionType
direct specialization of: #$PhysicalQuantity  
direct generalization of: #$Distance-Absolute

A specialization of #$PhysicalQuantity. Instances of #$Mass may be either a fixed interval, such as two kilograms, or a range, such as a legal load for a certain type of trailer. The more mass an object has, the greater is the force required to accelerate it.
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direct instance of: #$FundamentalNumericScalarIntervalType #$AtemporalNecessarilyEssentialCollectionType
direct specialization of: #$PhysicalQuantity  

A specialization of #$ScalarInterval. Each instance of #$Volume is an amount of three-dimensional space. Instances of #$Volume may be either a fixed interval, such as the volume of a five-gallon aquarium, or a range, such as 'fits in a bread box'.
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direct instance of: #$DerivedNumericScalarIntervalType #$AtemporalNecessarilyEssentialCollectionType
direct specialization of: #$NonNegativeScalarInterval  #$PhysicalQuantity  

A specialization of #$ScalarInterval. Each instance of #$Area is an amount of two-dimensional space. Instances of #$Area may be either a fixed interval, such as the area of a rectangle 5 cm x 10 cm, or a range, such as the area of a city lot.
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direct instance of: #$DerivedNumericScalarIntervalType #$AtemporalNecessarilyEssentialCollectionType
direct specialization of: #$NonNegativeScalarInterval  #$PhysicalQuantity  

A specialization of #$PhysicalQuantity. Each instance of #$Temperature is an amount of heat in a particular instance of #$PartiallyTangible. An instance of #$Temperature may be either a fixed interval, such as 98.6 degrees Fahrenheit (cf. #$UnitOfTemperature), or a range, such as #$HumanHabitableTemperature or #$TooHotToTouch.
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direct instance of: #$FundamentalNumericScalarIntervalType #$AtemporalNecessarilyEssentialCollectionType
direct specialization of: #$PhysicalQuantity  

A specialization of #$PhysicalQuantity. Each instance of #$ElectricalCharge is an amount of net electrical charge (positive or negative) possessed by a particular instance of #$PartiallyTangible. Instances of #$ElectricalCharge may be either a fixed interval, such as the charge on one electron, or a range, such as a usable charge on a flashlight battery; see #$ScalarInterval. Also see #$UnitOfCharge for the units used by Cyc to measure electrical charges.
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direct instance of: #$FundamentalNumericScalarIntervalType #$AtemporalNecessarilyEssentialCollectionType
direct specialization of: #$PhysicalQuantity  

A specialization of #$ScalarInterval. Each instance of this collection is a value by means of which payments, wealth, capital, assets, etc., are measured. Each instance of this collection is thus an abstract object, not to be confused with the physical objects used as legal tender. For those, see #$Currency, though it is worth noting that each coin, bill, etc. that is an instance of #$Currency, is typically _stably associated with_ some particular instance of #$MonetaryValue. Nor is #$MonetaryValue to be confused with the many and varied social practices (such as a backed claim for a certain amount of physical wealth payable by the government on demand), which create money qua social institution and underpin all financial transactions. For that, see #$Money-DevisedPractice. Since instances of #$MonetaryValue are not pure numbers but quantities of some particular currency, they are denoted by means of the collection #$UnitOfMoney. Each instance of this collection is a function which (like many Cyc functions which are instances of #$UnitOfMeasure) either takes one argument and returns a fixed amount of money, e.g. (#$Dollar-Australia 4) or takes two arguments and returns a range, e.g. (#$Shilling-Uganda 2 2000). Since currencies may appreciate or depreciate in value over time, and this information is sometimes relevant, it is possible to index instances of #$UnitOfMoney temporally by means of further functions. For example, ((#$USDollarFn 1997) 2) denotes the monetary value of 2 US dollars in the year 1997. See also #$MoneyTransfer, #$monetaryValueOfThing, #$cost, #$basicPrice.
guid: bd58d4d8-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of: #$FundamentalNumericScalarIntervalType #$AtemporalNecessarilyEssentialCollectionType
direct specialization of: #$ScalarInterval  

A specialization of #$PhysicalQuantity. Each instance of #$Rate is an amount of some property (e.g., distance traveled or money spent), taken with respect to some unit of time. Instances of #$Rate include, for example, the instances of #$Speed (e.g., 55 mph), #$Frequency (e.g., 55 kHz), and #$MonetaryFlowRate (e.g., 55 cents per minute). See also #$UnitOfRate, the collection of functions used to measure rates (e.g., #$DollarsPerYear, #$MetersPerSecond).
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direct instance of: #$DerivedNumericScalarIntervalType #$AtemporalNecessarilyEssentialCollectionType
direct specialization of: #$PhysicalQuantity  
direct generalization of: #$RateOfRotation #$Acceleration #$Speed #$Power #$Frequency #$ElectricalCurrentLevel #$MoneyRate #$AngularAccelerationRate

A specialization of #$Rate. Each instance of #$Frequency is the number of times something happens during some time interval. Instances of #$Frequency may be either single values (see the collection #$ScalarPointValue), such as 103 kiloHertz, or a range of values, such as #$Rarely. Note that instances of #$Frequency are important in the characterization of types of #$WavePropagation.
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direct instance of: #$DerivedNumericScalarIntervalType #$AtemporalNecessarilyEssentialCollectionType
direct specialization of: #$Rate  

A specialization of #$Rate. Each instance of #$Speed is a rate of change in position (of an object, wave front, etc.). Instances of #$Speed may be either fixed amounts, such as (#$MilesPerHour 55), or a range, such as #$WalkingSpeed or #$Calm-WindSpeed.
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direct instance of: #$DerivedNumericScalarIntervalType #$AtemporalNecessarilyEssentialCollectionType
direct specialization of: #$Rate  

Acceleration is the change in speed of an object per unit time. It is a measurable physical quantity, measured in units such as MilesPerHourPerSecond.
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direct instance of: #$DerivedNumericScalarIntervalType #$AtemporalNecessarilyEssentialCollectionType
direct specialization of: #$Rate  

A collection of scalar rates of rotation.
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direct instance of: #$DerivedNumericScalarIntervalType #$AtemporalNecessarilyEssentialCollectionType
direct specialization of: #$Rate  

A specialization of #$Rate. Each instance of #$AngularAccelerationRate is a rate at which the rate of rotation (see the collection #$RateOfRotation) of some object changes.
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direct instance of: #$DerivedNumericScalarIntervalType #$AtemporalNecessarilyEssentialCollectionType
direct specialization of: #$Rate  

#$OrderOfMagnitudeInterval, a specialization of #$ScalarInterval, is the collection of intervals which represent significant differences in quantity, for the various types of measurable properties. The most familiar case is for numbers, in which orders of magnitudes typically correspond with powers of 10; thus, in any given numerical quantity, the 100's dominate the 10's or the units, which are negligible with respect to the hundreds. Similar scales could be identified for any measurable property. For example, for #$Time-Quantity, some intervals which represent orders of magnitude are: #$AFewSecondsDuration, #$AFewMinutesDuration, #$AFewHoursDuration, #$AFewDaysDuration, #$AFewWeeksDuration, etc. Note that orders of magnitude for the same measurable property may differ between microtheories; e.g., the orders of magnitude for #$Time-Quantity in a `GeologicalTimeMt' would be much larger than those listed above, which are relevant for human perceptions and activities. Any two attributes which represent amounts of the same kind of property (e.g., time, distance) and which are also instances of #$OrderOfMagnitudeInterval will be assumed to differ so substantially in size that the smaller one (and values associated with it) will be insignificant compared to the larger interval (and values associated with it). That is, in general and as a default, if ORD1 and ORD2 are two different instances of #$OrderOfMagnitudeInterval which are also instances of the same type of #$AttributeValue (e.g., #$Speed, #$Mass, #$Density), then one is negligible with respect to the other. To know which dominates the other, we need additional knowledge about their relative size, e.g., that ORD2 is a #$followingValue of (i.e., 'bigger' than) ORD1. See also #$negligibleWRT, #$followingValue. The predicate #$orderOfMagnitude (q.v.) is used to relate particular quantities to the appropriate instance of #$OrderOfMagnitudeInterval. For example, two days -- in Cyc, (#$DaysDuration 2) -- has the #$orderOfMagnitude #$AFewDaysDuration.
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direct instance of: #$ObjectType #$AtemporalNecessarilyEssentialCollectionType
direct specialization of: #$ScalarInterval  

A collection of collections. Any element, X, which is an instance of #$MutuallyDisjointIntervalCollectionType is a collection of interval types X1, X2, X3,..., whose instances are temporallyDisjoint ; that is, each instance of X1 has no temporal intersection with any instance of X2 or X3 or...; each instance of X2 has no temporal intersection with any instance of X1 or X3 or...; etc. For example, consider DayOfWeekType, whose instances are Monday, Tuesday,... It is true that (#$isa #$DayOfWeekType #$MutuallyDisjointIntervalCollectionType), because no Monday can temporally intersect any Tuesday or Wednesday or....; no Tuesday can temporally intersect any Monday or Wednesday or...; etc. Other elements of MutuallyDisjointIntervalCollectionType include #$DayOfWeekType, #$CalendarSeasonType, #$HourOfDayType, and so on. See also #$TemporallyDisjointTemporalObjectType.
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direct instance of: #$ThirdOrderCollection
direct specialization of: #$SecondOrderCollection  
direct generalization of: #$CyclicalIntervalGroupType

Units Of Measure

#$UnitOfMeasure is the collection of all functions which return elements of #$ScalarInterval that describe physical quantities such as #$Speed, #$Volume, etc. Those functions are usually grouped into subsets depending on what they measure (e.g., #$UnitOfSpeed,#$UnitOfVolume). Functions which belong to #$UnitOfMeasure are variable-arity relations that take either one or two arguments, both of which must be elements of #$SubLRealNumber. If only one argument is given (e.g. (#$Meter 5)), the expression stands for a precise quantity (here, 5 meters); see also #$ScalarPointValue. If two arguments are given (e.g. (#$Meter 5 10)), the expression stands for a closed interval and the arguments are interpreted as the interval's mininum and maximum, respectively. Following are a few example uses of some elements of #$UnitOfMeasure : `10 years': (#$YearsDuration 10) `2 feet': (#$Foot-UnitOfMeasure 2) `50 dollars and 2 cents': (#$Dollar-UnitedStates 50.02) `between 1 and 50 pounds per square inch, inclusive': (#$PoundsPerSquareInch 1 50) `dimensionless quantity between 3 and 4.1, inclusive': (#$Unity 3 4.1).
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direct instance of: #$FunctionCategory #$AtemporalNecessarilyEssentialCollectionType
direct specialization of: #$VariableArityFunction  #$UnreifiableFunction  #$IndividualDenotingFunction  
direct generalization of: #$UnitOfMoney #$StandardUnitOfMeasure #$UnitOfAcceleration #$UnitOfVolume #$UnitOfPressure #$UnitOfRate #$UnitOfAngularDistance #$UnitOfConcentration #$UnitOfTime #$UnitOfFlowRate #$DimensionlessUnitOfMeasure #$UnitOfAngularSpeed #$UnitOfMonetaryFlowRate #$UnitOfCPUCapacity #$MKSUnitOfMeasure #$UnitOfSpeed #$CGSUnitOfMeasure #$UnitOfEnergy #$FPSUnitOfMeasure #$UnitOfDistance #$UnitOfAngularAcceleration #$UnitOfCapacitance #$UnitOfComputerResourceCapacity #$UnitOfCharge #$UnitOfFrequency #$UnitOfVoltage #$UnitOfArea #$UnitOfPower #$UnitOfMeasureWithPrefix #$UnitOfCurrent #$UnitOfMass #$UnitOfTemperature #$UnitOfBandwidth #$UnitOfMeasureNoPrefix

A collection of collections and a specialization of #$FunctionCategory. Each instance IUT of #$InterconvertibleUnitType is a collection of #$UnitOfMeasure (q.v.) functions that are interconvertible. That is, each instance of IUT is a function used to measure quantities in units that are convertible into units measured by any of the other functions in IUT. Examples of #$InterconvertibleUnitTypes include #$UnitOfTime, #$UnitOfDistance and #$UnitOfComputerStorageCapacity. Thus, #$UnitOfTime includes the functions #$HoursDuration and #$MinutesDuration, and any duration denoted by applying one of these functions can also be expressed in terms of the other; e.g. (#$HoursDuration 1) equals (#$MinutesDuration 60). Note that not all specializations of #$UnitOfMeasure constitute interconvertible types. For example, #$UnitOfRate has both #$TimesPerDay and #$MilesPerHour as instances; but the quantities returned by either one of these functions are not convertible into quantities returned by the other.
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direct instance of: #$AtemporalNecessarilyEssentialCollectionType #$SecondOrderCollection
direct specialization of: #$FunctionCategory  
direct generalization of: #$FundamentalUnitType

Please see the #$SharedNote #$NoteForUnitOfMeasureWithPrefixAndNoPrefix.
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direct instance of: #$ConventionalClassificationType #$AtemporalNecessarilyEssentialCollectionType
direct specialization of: #$UnitOfMeasure  

Please see the #$SharedNote #$NoteForUnitOfMeasureWithPrefixAndNoPrefix.
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direct instance of: #$ConventionalClassificationType #$FunctionCategory
direct specialization of: #$UnitOfMeasure  

Elements of #$UnitOfMeasureNoPrefix denote units of measure that don't have a multiplicative prefix (e.g. `kilo', `micro', `billion'). #$Inch and #$MetersPerSecond are such elements. On the other hand, elements of #$UnitOfMeasureWithPrefix do have multiplicative prefixes; examples include #$CentimetersPerSecond, (#$Micro #$Gram), #$KiloWatt, and #$GramsPerMilliliter. We need these constants in order to prevent references to terms such as ((#$Micro (#$Micro #$Gram) 5) or ((#$Kilo (#$CentimetersPerSecond) 3.2). If we didn't have these restrictions, equal quantities would allow for an undesirable level of possible names for a quantity, e.g. ((#$Micro (#$Kilo #$Gram) 1) would refer to the same quantity as ((#$Kilo (#$Micro #$Gram) 1) would refer to the same quantity as (#$Gram .001), etc.
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direct instance of: #$SharedNote #$Individual

A collection of collections. Each instance of #$FundamentalNumericScalarIntervalType is a collection of measurable #$ScalarIntervals that are `fundamental' when contrasted with other types of #$ScalarIntervals which are derived from them. Instances of #$FundamentalNumericScalarIntervalType include #$Mass, #$Distance, #$Temperature, and #$ElectricalCharge. Cf. #$DerivedNumericScalarIntervalType.
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direct instance of: #$SiblingDisjointCollectionType #$SecondOrderCollection
direct specialization of: #$PrimitiveScalarIntervalType  #$MeasurableScalarIntervalType  

A collection of collections. Each instance of #$DerivedNumericScalarIntervalType is a collection of numerically measurable #$ScalarIntervals whose units are complex (that is, whose units are derived from some more basic units of measure). Instances include #$Volume, #$Area, and #$Acceleration. See also the related collection #$FundamentalNumericScalarIntervalType.
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direct instance of: #$SiblingDisjointCollectionType #$SecondOrderCollection #$AtemporalNecessarilyEssentialCollectionType
direct specialization of: #$MeasurableScalarIntervalType  
direct generalization of: #$MaterialStrengthType

A specialization of #$UnitOfMeasure. Each instance of #$StandardUnitOfMeasure is a unit of measure considered to be the #$standardUnit (q.v.) for the quantifiable property it measures. Instances of #$StandardUnitOfMeasure include #$Liter, #$Meter, #$Kilogram, and #$Volt.
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direct instance of: #$FunctionCategory
direct specialization of: #$UnitOfMeasure  

A subcollection of #$UnitOfMeasure. #$FPSUnitOfMeasure is the collection of all the measurement functions whose results use the FPS (i.e., foot-pound-second) system of measure to describe physical quantities. Examples: #$Gallon-US, #$SquareMile, #$CubicFtPerSec.
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direct instance of: #$UnitOfMeasureTypeBySystem
direct specialization of: #$UnitOfMeasure  

A specialization of #$UnitOfMeasure. Each instance of #$CGSUnitOfMeasure is either one of three basic units of measure - (#$Centi #$Meter), #$Gram, and #$SecondsDuration - or is derived from one or more of these basic units of measure. For example, #$CubicCentimeter, #$Dyne, and #$Barye-UnitOfPressure are all instances of #$CGSUnitOfMeasure, since they are units of measure derived from (one or more of) (#$Centi #$Meter), #$Gram, and #$SecondsDuration.
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direct instance of: #$UnitOfMeasureTypeBySystem
direct specialization of: #$UnitOfMeasure  

A subcollection of #$UnitOfMeasure. #$MKSUnitOfMeasure is the collection of all the measurement functions whose results use the MKS (i.e., meter-kilogram-second) system of measure to describe physical quantities. Examples: #$MetersPerSecondPerSecond, #$Liter, #$MetricTon.
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direct instance of: #$UnitOfMeasureTypeBySystem
direct specialization of: #$UnitOfMeasure  

A subcollection of #$UnitOfMeasure. #$DimensionlessUnitOfMeasure is the collection of measurement functions whose results are instances of #$ScalarInterval which have no dimension; i.e., they are simply numbers, instances of #$IntervalOnNumberLine. Examples include #$Percent, #$Unity, #$Per1000. (#$Percent 50) returns the point-interval, one-half (0.5). (#$Unity 3 4) returns the interval that is the range of numbers between 3 and 4, inclusive.
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direct instance of: #$FundamentalUnitType #$UnitOfMeasureTypeByTypeMeasured #$AtemporalNecessarilyEssentialCollectionType
direct specialization of: #$UnitOfMeasure  

#$Unity is the standard unit of measure for dimensionless quantities. Like other instances of #$UnitOfMeasure, #$Unity is a variable-arity function whose (one or two) arguments are instances of #$SubLRealNumber. Unlike most other instances of #$UnitOfMeasure, #$Unity returns a dimensionless quantity, simply a real number without physical dimensions attached. Thus, the value of (#$Unity .10) is equal to the point scalar 0.10, which is also the same quantity as (#$Percent 10). Both (#$Unity .10) and 0.10 are legitimate instances of #$RealNumber; however, only 0.10 is a legitimate instance of #$SubLRealNumber (q.v.). #$Unity can be used to return a dimensionless real-number interval as well as a point value; e.g., (#$Unity 3 4) returns the interval that is the range of numbers between 3 and 4, inclusive.
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direct instance of: #$StandardUnitOfMeasure #$DimensionlessUnitOfMeasure #$UnitOfMeasureNoPrefix #$Individual

An instance of #$EvaluatableFunction. When applied to a number or a pair of numbers, #$Percent returns an instance of #$IntervalOnNumberLine. For example (#$Percent 110) returns 110% or 1.1.
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direct instance of: #$DimensionlessUnitOfMeasure #$UnitOfMeasureNoPrefix #$EvaluatableFunction #$Individual

The collection of functions which return elements of #$Time-Quantity; e.g., (#$YearsDuration 100) returns a time period equal to a century.
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direct instance of: #$UnitOfMeasureTypeByTypeMeasured #$FundamentalUnitType
direct specialization of: #$UnitOfMeasure  

A specialization of #$UnitOfRate, and the collection of functions used to express how often something occurs during an interval of time. Each instance of #$UnitOfFrequency is a function which returns an instance of #$Frequency when applied to a real number. For example, (#$MegaHertz 89.5) returns a frequency of 89.5 MHz.
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direct instance of: #$InterconvertibleUnitType
direct specialization of: #$UnitOfRate  

A specialization of #$UnitOfMeasure. Each instance of #$UnitOfRate is a function which returns an instance of #$Rate when applied to a real number (see the collection #$SubLRealNumber) or a sequence of two real numbers. This collection includes any instance of #$UnitOfMeasure whose #$unitOfMeasureExpansions list includes the factor (-1 #$UnitOfTime). Notable specializations include #$UnitOfSpeed, #$UnitOfFrequency, and #$UnitOfPower.
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direct instance of: #$UnitOfMeasureTypeByTypeMeasured
direct specialization of: #$UnitOfMeasure  
direct generalization of: #$UnitOfFrequency #$UnitOfAngularAcceleration #$UnitOfAcceleration #$UnitOfPower #$UnitOfAngularSpeed #$UnitOfMonetaryFlowRate #$UnitOfFlowRate #$UnitOfCPUCapacity #$UnitOfSpeed #$UnitOfCurrent

A specialization of #$UnitOfMeasure. Each instance of #$UnitOfDistance is a function which, when applied to a number or pair of numbers, returns an instance of #$Distance as its value. Instances of #$UnitOfDistance include #$Inch and #$Meter.
guid: bd588ab7-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of: #$UnitOfMeasureTypeByTypeMeasured #$FundamentalUnitType
direct specialization of: #$UnitOfMeasure  

A specialization of #$UnitOfMeasure. Each instance of #$UnitOfArea is a function which returns an instance of #$Area (q.v.) when applied to a real number (see the collection #$SubLRealNumber) or a sequence of two real numbers. For instance, (#$SquareMeter 9) is an area of 9 square meters. Instances of #$UnitOfArea include #$SquareMile, #$SquareMeter, and #$SquareInch.
guid: bd58c2c7-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of: #$UnitOfMeasureTypeByTypeMeasured #$InterconvertibleUnitType
direct specialization of: #$UnitOfMeasure  

The collection of functions which return elements of #$Volume. E.g., (#$Liter 5) denotes 5 liters.
guid: bd58fd9f-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of: #$UnitOfMeasureTypeByTypeMeasured #$InterconvertibleUnitType
direct specialization of: #$UnitOfMeasure  

A specialization of #$UnitOfRate. Each instance of #$UnitOfSpeed is a function which returns an instance of #$Speed (q.v.) when applied to a real number (see the collection #$SubLRealNumber) or a sequence of two real numbers. For instance, (#$MilesPerHour 212) is a speed of 212 miles per hour. Instances of #$UnitOfSpeed include #$MilesPerHour, #$MetersPerSecond, and #$Mach-UnitOfSpeed.
guid: bddfadc2-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of: #$InterconvertibleUnitType
direct specialization of: #$UnitOfRate  

A specialization of #$UnitOfRate. Each instance of #$UnitOfAcceleration is a function which returns an instance of #$Acceleration (q.v.) when applied to a real number (see the collection #$SubLRealNumber) or a sequence of two real numbers. For instance, (#$MetersPerSecondPerSecond 32) is an acceleration of 32 meters per second per second.
guid: bd58eadf-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of: #$UnitOfMeasureTypeByTypeMeasured #$InterconvertibleUnitType
direct specialization of: #$UnitOfRate  

The collection of functions which return elements of #$Mass. E.g. (#$Kilogram 5) denotes 5 kilograms.
guid: bd588a72-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of: #$UnitOfMeasureTypeByTypeMeasured #$FundamentalUnitType
direct specialization of: #$UnitOfMeasure  

The collection of functions which return elements of #$EnergyAsAQuantity. E.g., (#$Joule 5) denotes 5 joules.
guid: bd58dd71-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of: #$UnitOfMeasureTypeByTypeMeasured #$InterconvertibleUnitType
direct specialization of: #$UnitOfMeasure  

The collection of functions which return elements of #$Power. E.g., (#$Watt 5) denotes 5 watts.
guid: bd58ea5a-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of: #$InterconvertibleUnitType
direct specialization of: #$UnitOfRate  

The collection of functions which return elements of #$AngularDistance. E.g., (#$Radian 5) denotes 5 radians.
guid: bd58ab94-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of: #$UnitOfMeasureTypeByTypeMeasured #$FundamentalUnitType
direct specialization of: #$UnitOfMeasure  

The collection of functions which return elements of #$RateOfRotation. E.g., (#$RadiansPerSecond 5) denotes a change of 5 radians in angular distance per second.
guid: bd58accb-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of: #$InterconvertibleUnitType
direct specialization of: #$UnitOfRate  

The collection of functions which return elements of #$AngularAccelerationRate (i.e., the rate of change in the #$RateOfRotation).
guid: bd58eb20-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of: #$UnitOfMeasureTypeByTypeMeasured #$InterconvertibleUnitType
direct specialization of: #$UnitOfRate  

The collection of functions which return elements of #$Temperature. E.g., (#$DegreeFahrenheit 451) denotes a #$Temperature of 451 F.
guid: bd58b17f-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of: #$FundamentalUnitType #$UnitOfMeasureTypeByTypeMeasured
direct specialization of: #$UnitOfMeasure  

The collection of functions which return elements of #$ElectricalCharge. E.g., (#$Coulomb 3) denotes an electrical charge of 3 coulombs.
guid: bd588a31-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of: #$FundamentalUnitType #$UnitOfMeasureTypeByTypeMeasured
direct specialization of: #$UnitOfMeasure  

A specialization of #$UnitOfMeasure. Each instance of #$UnitOfVoltage is a function which returns an instance of #$Voltage (q.v.) when applied to a real number (see the collection #$SubLRealNumber) or a sequence of two real numbers. For instance, (#$Volt 500) is a voltage of 500 volts.
guid: bd58ea9c-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of: #$UnitOfMeasureTypeByTypeMeasured #$InterconvertibleUnitType
direct specialization of: #$UnitOfMeasure  

A specialization of #$UnitOfMeasure. Each instance of #$UnitOfCapacitance is a function which returns an instance of #$ElectricalCapacitance (q.v.) when applied to a real number (see the collection #$SubLRealNumber) or a sequence of two real numbers. For instance, (#$Farad 20) is a capacitance of 20 farads.
guid: bd5888a4-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of: #$UnitOfMeasureTypeByTypeMeasured #$InterconvertibleUnitType
direct specialization of: #$UnitOfMeasure  

The collection of functions which return elements of #$ElectricalCurrentLevel. E.g., (#$Ampere 2) denotes an instance of #$ElectricalCurrentLevel that would measure two amps.
guid: bd58a8db-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of: #$UnitOfMeasureTypeByTypeMeasured #$InterconvertibleUnitType
direct specialization of: #$UnitOfRate  

A specialization of #$UnitOfMeasure. Each instance of #$UnitOfMoney is a function which returns an instance of #$MonetaryValue (q.v.) when applied to a real number (see the collection #$SubLRealNumber) or a sequence of two real numbers. For instance, (#$Cent-UnitedStates 2) is 2 U.S. cents. Instances of #$UnitOfMoney include #$Dollar-UnitedStates, #$Peso-Mexico, and #$Yen-Japan.
guid: bd5883c5-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of: #$FundamentalUnitType #$UnitOfMeasureTypeByTypeMeasured
direct specialization of: #$UnitOfMeasure  

The collection of functions which return elements of #$MonetaryFlowRate (i.e. transfer of money per unit of time). E.g., (#$DollarsPerHour 10) denotes a #$MonetaryFlowRate of $10 per hour.
guid: bd589991-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of: #$InterconvertibleUnitType
direct specialization of: #$UnitOfRate  

A specialization of #$UnitOfMeasure. Each instance of #$UnitOfConcentration is a function which returns an instance of #$ConcentrationStrength-Generic (q.v.) when applied to a real number (see the collection #$SubLRealNumber) or a sequence of two real numbers. For instance, (#$GramsPerMilliliter 1) is a concentration of 1 gram per milliliter. Instances of #$UnitOfConcentration include #$GramsPerMilliliter, #$MilligramsPerMilliliter, and #$MicrogramsPerMilliliter.
guid: bd6754a3-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of: #$UnitOfMeasureTypeByTypeMeasured #$InterconvertibleUnitType
direct specialization of: #$UnitOfMeasure  

The collection of functions which return elements of #$FlowRate (i.e.,volume of stuff passing a point per unit of time). E.g., (#$CubicMeterPerSec 2000) denotes a #$FlowRate of 2000 cubic meters per second.
guid: bd5899d1-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of: #$InterconvertibleUnitType
direct specialization of: #$UnitOfRate  

A specialization of #$UnitOfMeasure. Each instance of #$UnitOfPressure is a function which returns an instance of #$Pressure (q.v.) when applied to a real number (see the collection #$SubLRealNumber) or a sequence of two real numbers. For instance, (#$PoundsPerSquareInch 500) is a pressure of 500 pounds per square inch. Instances of #$UnitOfPressure include #$Bar-UnitOfPressure, #$Pascal-UnitOfPressure, and #$PoundsPerSquareInch.
guid: bd58c776-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of: #$UnitOfMeasureTypeByTypeMeasured #$InterconvertibleUnitType
direct specialization of: #$UnitOfMeasure  

A collection of collections and a specialization of #$AttributeType. Each instance ATTTYPE of #$UnorderedAttributeType is a collection of attributes having the following property: for any two instances ATT1 and ATT2 of ATTTYPE, neither (#$followingValue ATT1 ATT2) nor (#$followingValue ATT2 ATT1) holds. In other words, any two instances of ATTTYPE are incommensurable with each other. Instances of #$UnorderedAttributeType include #$GenderOfLivingThing and #$HumanSkinColor.
guid: bd58d593-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of: #$SiblingDisjointCollectionType #$SecondOrderCollection #$AtemporalNecessarilyEssentialCollectionType
direct specialization of: #$ObjectType  

A specialization of #$NTupleOfIntervals. Each instance of #$VectorInterval is an n-tuple of intervals (where n > 1), one of which is a direction. Like the instances of #$ScalarInterval, the intervals in an instance of #$VectorInterval may be point-valued or cover a range of values. The minimal interval (i.e., point-valued) type of vector interval is exemplified by a vector such as `10 meters due east'. Vectors may also cover a range of values; e.g., `at least 10 feet away and in a horizontal direction'; `between ten to twelve miles NNW'.
guid: bd58ec12-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of: #$ObjectType
direct specialization of: #$NTupleOfIntervals  
direct generalization of: #$UnitVectorInterval #$Vector-Precise

The Cyc predicate #$standardUnit is used to indicate the standard unit for some type of measurement. (#$standardUnit TYPE UNIT) means that UNIT is the standard measure for the kind of measurements in TYPE. Examples: (#$standardUnit #$UnitOfDistance #$Meter); (#$standardUnit #$UnitOfAngularAcceleration #$RadiansPerSecondPerSecond); (#$standardUnit #$DimensionlessUnitOfMeasure #$Unity).
guid: bd588af8-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of: #$StrictlyFunctionalSlot #$IntangibleObjectPredicate

The Cyc predicate #$followingValue is used to represent an ordering of generic attributes. (#$followingValue VAL1 VAL2) means that VAL2 is a greater value than VAL1 on a scale that they share. (#$followingValue VAL1 VAL2) implies (#$greaterThan VAL2 VAL1). Typically, one uses #$followingValue when the values VAL1 and VAL2 are elements of #$GenericQuantity, and they are not grounded in numerically quantifiable units of measure (see #$NoteAboutGivingGenericValueFunctionsNumericValues). If VAL1 and VAL2 do have numerical grounding, a #$followingValue formula is unnecessary since #$numericallyEqual, #$greaterThanOrEqualTo, and #$greaterThan, are automatically computable using arithmetic relations holding between the minimum and maximum of val1 and val2. (See #$minQuantValue, #$maxQuantValue.) For example, one must use #$followingValue to state that (#$HighAmountFn #$Glamor) is more glamorous than (#$LowAmountFn #$Glamor). On the other hand, it is unnecessary to assert a #$followingValue relation between (#$MilesPerHour 5) and (#$MilesPerHour 25 60) since #$greaterThan is arithmetically determinable. See also #$GenericQuantity, #$GenericValueFunction.
guid: bd5892af-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of: #$ObjectPredicate #$AsymmetricBinaryPredicate #$TransitiveBinaryPredicate
direct specialization of: #$lessThan #$colinearValues

Quantity Slots And Measurement

A specialization of #$BinaryPredicate. Each instance of #$QuantitySlot is a binary predicate that relates a thing to some quantity. In many, but not all, cases, the quantity in question will be a measure of some dimension --- e.g., mass, volume, or area --- of the thing to which it is related by the #$QuantitySlot. The second argument place of each #$QuantitySlot is constrained to instances of #$NumericValue. Instances of #$QuantitySlot include #$moneyTransferred, #$freezingPoint, #$massOfObject, and #$areaOfObject.
guid: bd58cd5b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of: #$PredicateCategory #$AtemporalNecessarilyEssentialCollectionType
direct specialization of: #$BinaryAttributePredicate  
direct generalization of: #$IntervalBasedQuantitySlot

A specialization of #$QuantitySlot. Each instance of #$IntervalBasedQuantitySlot is a binary predicate used to relate an object to a measurable quantity (that is, an instance of #$ScalarInterval). The second argument to an instance of #$IntervalBasedQuantitySlot must be an instance of #$ScalarInterval; consequently, the #$arg2Isa for each instance of #$IntervalBasedQuantitySlot must be a specialization of #$ScalarInterval. Each instance of #$IntervalBasedQuantitySlot has an #$arg2Format of #$IntervalEntry (q.v.); consequently, for each #$IntervalBasedQuantitySlot PRED, there can be multiple assertions of the form (PRED OBJ QUANT-1), (PRED OBJ QUANT-2), ..., (PRED OBJ QUANT-n), as long as the #$ScalarIntervals QUANT-1, QUANT-2, ..., QUANT-n overlap (see the predicate #$overlapsIntervals). For example, one could assert both (#$heightOfObject OBJ (#$Foot-UnitOfMeasure 3 4)) and (#$heightOfObject OBJ (#$Foot-UnitOfMeasure 2 6)), since the two intervals in question overlap. However, one could not assert both (#$heightOfObject OBJ (#$Foot-UnitOfMeasure 3 4)) and (#$heightOfObject OBJ (#$Foot-UnitOfMeasure 6)) in the same context, since these two intervals do not overlap.
guid: bd588162-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of: #$PredicateCategory #$AtemporalNecessarilyEssentialCollectionType
direct specialization of: #$QuantitySlot  #$FunctionalSlot  
direct generalization of: #$PhysicalAmountSlot

(#$derivedFromUnit UNIT1 UNIT2) means that UNIT1 is a multiple of UNIT2. In general, UNIT2 is a more basic unit than UNIT1. Examples: (#$derivedFromUnit (#$Milli #$Meter) #$Meter); (#$derivedFromUnit (#$Micro #$Gram) #$Gram); (#$derivedFromUnit #$MilliSecondsDuration #$SecondsDuration). See also #$UnitOfMeasure.
guid: bd58fa6d-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of: #$StrictlyFunctionalSlot #$IntangibleObjectPredicate

(#$obtainedFromUnits UNIT1 UNIT2) means that UNIT2 is a more fundamental unit than UNIT1, and UNIT2 is among the component units into which UNIT1 can be analyzed. For example, for #$MilesPerHour, one could assert both (#$obtainedFromUnits #$MilesPerHour #$HoursDuration) and (#$obtainedFromUnits #$MilesPerHour #$Mile). See also #$unitExpansions, #$UnitOfMeasure.
guid: bd589131-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of: #$AsymmetricBinaryPredicate #$IntangibleObjectPredicate #$TransitiveBinaryPredicate

The predicate #$unitExpansions is used to express the relationship between a derived unit of measurement and the units from which it is derived, e.g., miles per second from miles and seconds. (#$unitExpansions UNIT FACTOR-LIST) means that UNIT is derived from the factors on the list UNIT-FACTOR, where UNIT-FACTOR is an instance of #$SubLList. There are two kinds of items in the UNIT-FACTOR list: (1) all items except the last are themselves lists that consist of an instance of #$UnitOfMeasure followed by an exponent for that unit; (2) the last item is the constant multiplier. Some examples: (#$unitExpansions #$MilesPerHour (((#$Mile 1)(#$HoursDuration -1)) 1), (#$unitExpansions #$SpeedOfLight (((#$Mile 1)(#$SecondsDuration -1)) 186000)), (#$unitExpansions #$MetersPerSecondPerSecond (((#$Meter 1)(#$SecondsDuration -2)) 1). The first of these examples is included only because it makes a clear example; the definition of #$MilesPerHour in terms of #$Mile and #$HoursDuration should actually be done with the simpler #$multiplicationUnits (q.v.). In general, any relationship among units that can be expressed with #$multiplicationUnits should be, and #$unitExpansions should be reserved for those relationships that can't be expressed with the simpler vocabulary.
guid: bd5899fb-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of: #$IntangibleObjectRelatingPredicate #$BinaryPredicate

(#$unitMultiplicationFactor SMALL-UNITS BIG-UNITS NUM) means that there are NUM SMALL-UNITS in every BIG-UNITS. In other words, to convert from a measure in BIG-UNITS to a measure in SMALL-UNITS multiply by NUM. For example, (#$unitMultiplicationFactor #$Inch #$Foot-UnitOfMeasure 12) means that one multiplies feet by twelve when converting from feet to inches. NUM must be greater than or equal to 1. SMALL-UNITS and BIG-UNITS must be elements of the same #$InterconvertibleUnitType. See also #$QuantityConversionFn.
guid: bd5900c1-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of: #$FunctionalPredicate #$TernaryPredicate

(#$multiplicationUnits UNIT-1 UNIT-2 PROD) means that the value of (#$TimesFn (UNIT-1 NUM-1) (UNIT-2 NUM-2)) (where each of NUM-1 and NUM-2 is either a real number or a sequence of two real numbers) is (PROD NUM-3), where NUM-3 is the product of NUM-1 and NUM-2. For example, (#$multiplicationUnits #$Mile #$Mile #$SquareMile). See also #$UnitOfMeasure, #$TimesFn.
guid: c10c4394-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of: #$StrictlyFunctionalPredicate #$IntangibleObjectPredicate #$TernaryPredicate #$BookkeepingPredicate

(#$comparableFluents OBJ F(X) G(X)) states that the order of magnitude of F(OBJ) is also the order of magnitude of G(OBJ). Another way of thinking of it is that F(OBJ) and G(OBJ) are of comparable orders of magnitude, and neither one is negligible with respect to the other.
guid: bd58b951-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of: #$TernaryPredicate

A predicate used to indicate the total volume enclosed by a given container. (#$volumeContained CONT VOL) means that the total available volume of the #$PartiallyTangible CONT is VOL.
guid: bd5897f0-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of: #$IntervalBasedQuantitySlot

#$forceActingOnObject is a predicate relating an instance of #$PartiallyTangible to any force which changes its direction of travel or the speed at which it is traveling.
guid: bd58b8b2-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of: #$TangibleObjectPredicate #$BinaryPredicate

The slot describing the capability of an animal to exert force.
guid: bd58bf41-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of: #$IntervalBasedQuantitySlot
direct specialization of: #$hasAttributes

The accumulated total displacement along the trajectory at any point in time during the duration of the moving process
guid: bd58d7ad-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of: #$IntervalBasedQuantitySlot

#$rateOfRotationOfObject relates an instance of #$PartiallyTangible to the rate of change of its physical component's angular separation from a reference vector as measured from a point of origin.
guid: bd590482-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of: #$PhysicalAttributeDescriptionSlot

The rate at which the angle to an object is accelerating
guid: bd58c0b4-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of: #$PhysicalAttributeDescriptionSlot

A #$PhysicalAmountSlot that is a specialization of #$sizeParameterOfObject (q.v.), this predicate relates a spatial thing to its two-dimensional size or #$Area (q.v.). (#$areaOfObject OBJ AREA) means that the two-dimensional size of OBJ is AREA. OBJ might be, for example, a desk top, a geographical region, or a cross-section of wire. Of course not every spatial thing has an area. #$TwoDimensionalGeometricThings (q.v.) like discs, interiors of squares, and cross sections have areas; and so do three-dimensional things that have only two salient dimensions in most contexts, such as floors, tennis courts, and geograhical regions. For the representing the areas of the latter sort of thing, consider using the more specialized predicate #$areaOfRegion.
guid: bd589f18-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of: #$PhysicalAmountSlot
direct specialization of: #$sizeParameterOfObject

The radius of an object with a circular shape.
guid: bd58bac9-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of: #$PhysicalAttributeDescriptionSlot #$IntervalBasedQuantitySlot
direct specia